Drug And Alcohol Abuse And Addiction - 1845 Words

Drug and alcohol abuse and addiction contribute to the largest portion of all crime, and this correlation is the leading culprit to induce crime. (Goode, 2012) Although there is a common knowledge of drug and alcohol abuse, drug and alcohol abuse or addiction contributes to the largest portion of all crime, and this correlation is the foremost culprit to induce crime. Across the United States and throughout the world there is an epidemic of epic proportion involving drug and alcohol addiction. Addiction is defined as a psychological illness characterized by intense craving for a particular substance (Corrections pg 652). Substance abuse problems are extremely difficult to treat because individuals most at risk for becoming addicted share many of the same traits associated with chronic criminal behavior, with many of the traits being genetic (Corrections, pg 434). Each year, nearly 700,000 men and women are released from prison into communities across the United States (Sabol, Mint on, and Harrison 2007). Many do not make a successful transition: two-thirds are arrested within three years and one-half are returned to prison, either for parole violation or new crimes (Langan and Levin 2002). This revolving door phenomenon is costly in terms of criminal justice system costs, not only the human and social costs suffered by crime victims, returning prisoners, their families, and the communities in which they reside. Across the United States and throughout the worldShow MoreRelatedAlcohol and Drug Abuse1722 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol and Drug Addiction Samara Kitchens COM/156 Instructor: Sunday, May 19, 2013 There was a missing person report across the news today, my co-worker stated. I never paid any attention to it; I went on about my day as if everything was fine. When I arrived at home I had severalRead MorePsychological Effects Of Drugs And Drugs982 Words   |  4 PagesAn addiction is strongly craving something that results in losing control of its use and ultimately causing people to abuse its intended use, in spite of the negative consequences it creates. According to Harvard Health Publications, addiction hijacks the brain by â€Å"first, subverting the way it registers pleasure, and then by corrupting other normal drives such as learning and moving† (HHP). In the early 1900’s researchers believed that people who developed addictions were simply morally flawed. TodayRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse Among Adolescents1423 Words   |  6 PagesDrug abuse among adolescents is a growing problem in the United States with a staggering amount of teens fa lling victim to the vicious cycle of drug abuse. Teens are subjected to pressure from their peers and have the misconception that using drugs are cool and free of consequences. Therefore, teens begin to experiment with drugs and alcohol at an early age and often times don’t think about the negative stigma associated with drug abuse. Unfortunately, even casual use of drugs and alcohol canRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When an individual is struggling with drug addiction problems, the family is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability toRead MoreEssay Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Substance Abuse1125 Words   |  5 Pagesof contributions to the risk of addiction, specifically, genetic (nature) vs. environmental (nurture) contributions through a review of the existing literature. The nature-based view is that expression of addiction (phenotype) is based upon genetic predisposition (genotype). Numerous genetic studies on pedigree have been conducted over the years. The majority of the results of these studies indicate that monozygotic twins have higher concordance of addiction than dizygotic twins. More specificallyRead MoreCurrent Trends in Drug and Alcohol Addiction Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship with drugs and alcohol, so long that Stone Age beer jugs dating back to 10,000 BC have been discovered. Some historians argue that beer predates bread as a staple of human consumption (Hanson, 2013, Para. 1). As the centuries passed alcohol and drugs became ingrained in the early cultures of recorded history, the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Chinese, and early Christians all utilized mind-altering substances in ceremony and celebration (Hanson, 2013, Para. 3). Today, drugs and alcohol still playRead MoreEssay on Social Aspect of Substance Abuse1001 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction is a difficult disease that involves several different factors including biological, psychological and sociological aspects. Anderson (1997) states that substance use refers generally to the ingestion of illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, PCP, amphetamines, etc. The use of illicit drugs, such as alcohol and nicotine, are less frequently included in this definition, despite their widespread use and undisputed potential for harm. Substance abuseRead MoreAlcohol And Drug Abuse Are Not New Themes1525 Words   |  7 Pagesand Alcohol Abuse Treatment Stepheno Diaz Institutional Affiliation: Florida Institute of Technology EHC1103 | Section 2: Medical Ethics February 15, 2015 Abstract Alcohol and Drug abuse are not new themes. â€Å"Alcohol is such a big part of American life today that we rarely stop to consider our pattern of drinking. We drink wine with dinner, or have a few drinks after work, or even a few beers while watching a ball game, but when a pattern of drinking begins to emerge, it can become a problem†(SubstanceRead MoreDrug Alcohol And Alcohol Abuse Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesDrug and Alcohol Abuse Drug and alcohol abuse is something that is happening more and more often it seems. There are many reason for this happening. First of all, people experiment with drugs and alcohol mainly out of curiosity. Maybe their friends are doing it, they just want to have a good time, or they could be hoping to improve athletic performance. It is common thing at parties and social gatherings for people to feel the need to drink or try drugs. Another reason start to use and abuse drugsRead MoreAddiction: More Than Just a Word Essay example1279 Words   |  6 PagesAddiction: More Than Just a Word â€Å"Prevention usually is translated as parents having conversations with their adolescent children, pointing out the dangers of alcohol.† (Kramer, LizSprague, Nancy, Alcohol Abuse Youth: An Overview). Children do not understand the effectiveness of something powerful like alcohol. They do, however, understand that alcohol can cause a person to become intoxicated. From seeing it on TV, they think it is fun. Also, children do not really pay attention to the

The Establishment Of Residential Schools - 1667 Words

The establishment of residential school remains to be one of the most culturally divisive moves of the 20th century. Analysts and experts concur that the schools have impacted generation after generations of the targeted communities. though perceived to be noble, the idea behind the establishment of residential schools has been viewed as one of the most direct ways of influencing the native communities to not only abandon their cultural beliefs but also embrace foreign ideology. Research has shown the spread of residential schools within the native communities has not only negatively impacted the communities’ cultural standing but has also lowered the threshold for human rights as more children are subjected to inhuman treatment by the system. There is a strong belief that the residential schools system was established by the sole aim of forcing learners to adopt a western style life characterized by western values and the western religion. This has been the bone of contention within cultural and social experts. Commonly referred to as the American Indian boarding schools, these schools came into existence in the late eighteenth century but later experienced increased presence in the Indian American community during the nineteenth century (Judy Bennett,1986). Indigenous peoples view the introduction of residential schools as one of the most painful chapters in the history of their culture. Several studies carried out a by anishanaabe affiliated outfits have indicated thatShow MoreRelatedThe Establishment Of Residential Schools1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe establishment of residential school remains to be one of the most culturally divisive moves of the 20th century. Analysts and experts concur that the schools have impacted generation after generations of the targeted communities. though perceived to be noble, the idea behind the establishment of residential schools has been viewed as one of the most direct ways of influencing the native communities to not only abandon their cultural belie fs but also embrace foreign ideology. Research has shownRead MoreExamples and Consequences of Residential Schools in Shingwauk’s Vision: A History of Native Residential Schools by J.R. Miller1435 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of this history of residential schools in Canada is key to developing and understanding why Euro-Canadians thought it so dire to assimilate this race deemed as other. The text being analyzed is Shingwauk’s Vision: A History of Native Residential Schools by J.R. Miller. This topic is of the upmost importance because it goes into an aspect of Canadian history, which many are unwilling to accept. The aim of this text is to explain residential schools through the eyes of race and assimilationRead MoreChildren Of The Indian Residential Schools1681 Words   |  7 PagesMore than 150,000 First Nations children between the age of 4-16 attended the Indian Residential schools (Anishinabek Nation). These children were abused physically, sexually, em otionally and were banned from speaking their native language. Residential schools formed strained relationships in Canada today because they tried to put an end to the Indigenous culture, they made indigenous children feel ashamed of their culture and most Canadians have ended up with one-sided version of history. For aRead MoreOppression among First Nation People: Canada1731 Words   |  7 Pagesoverseas, unwelcome into First Nations territory with absolutely no respect for their traditions and ways of living. Over time children were taken away from their families and native homelands to attend residential schools; Native students were given new names and taught to speak English. Residential schools attempted to brainwash First Nations children to erase their native culture and traditions. First Nations peoples were defenseless under the power of the Europeans; their rights were ignored and theirRead MoreLook Back Into Residential Schools882 Words   |  4 Pages Look Back Residential schools were put in place by the Canadian government as a way to â€Å"refine† native communities into the broader culture and keep the native children from continuing their heritages’ traditions. In the short, yet powerful video clips shown in Practical Nursing Professional Growth class, our class was confronted with horrific stories told by residential school survivors of what they had encountered while attending. Raymond Mason, Alice Littledeer, and Madeline Dion Stout wereRead MoreHow did the residential school affect Canada’s First Nations people?1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthe residential school affect Canada’s First Nations people? In Canadian history, there are a lot of interesting events happened in the past. Some of them are events that are proudly presented such as Battle of Vimy Ridge, Canadian peace keeper and others. On the other hand, there are also a lot of tragedy events that happened in the past. Indian Act is one of an important act which occurred in 1876 and it led to establishment of  Indian residential school, and the Indian residential school is aRead MoreHow Residential Schools Impacted The Indigenous Community1378 Words   |  6 Pagescolonization on the Indigenous communities in school. There are many myths people may have concerning Indigenous life experiences, particularly schooling. To address these myths, I would begin by giving a brief history of residential schools. I would then analyze how residential schools have impacted the indigenous community and how they continue to affect them today. I would also mention the current issues children on reserves are facing today regarding schoo l. Lastly, I would mention some of the progressRead MoreDevelopment Of The Residential School System1740 Words   |  7 Pages: A quote from Aggie George recalling of her experience in the Lejac Indian Residential School (Legacy of Hope Foundation, 2001). In the 1880s all the way to the 1990’s roughly 150,000 aboriginal children where removed from their communities and homes to attend the residential school system set up by the government and operated by the Christian churches (Government of Canada, 2015). The purpose of these residential schools was to isolate Aboriginal children from their families and assimilate themRead MoreEssay On Canadas Healthcare System867 Words   |  4 Pagescoverage for all citizens. The general principles of Canada’s Medicare system was first introduced by the Saskatchewan Liberal Party in 1959. Today, Canada’s healthcare is viewed as a successful model, but there were many disputes in the process of establishment. Regardless of t he controversial beginning of the program the Saskatchewan model became the prototype for many provinces. By 1971, every province established a universal and comprehensive health care plan. Canada’s healthcare system has developedRead MoreThe Indian Residential School System1531 Words   |  7 PagesFirst Nation children were forced to attend Indian residential schools dating back to the 1870’s and spanned many decades with the final school closing in 1996. These educational institutions were government funded and church run by Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, United and Anglican denominations (Truth and Reconciliation Commission, n.d.). There were 139 schools where more than 150 000 First Nations children attended. The children of these schools were mentally, physically, emotionally and sexually

Cookery Management

Question: Discuss about the Cookery Management. Answer: Introduction: The quality of the prepared meals is ensured by following a five step process also known as the PROUD. The five steps defined under this acronym are listed below as follows: P- Planning of the food production for the purpose of just-in time inventory management R- Reviewing and monitoring of the quality score card and the standardized rrecipe O- Organizing of the equipments and the different ingredients in the recipe U- Usage of the appropriate skills and techniques D- Delivering a high standard product The first step in the above mentioned process is the planning of the food production fort hen purpose of maintaining a just in time service aspect. As per this concept then food items are cooked or served only after receiving then orders. For the purpose of successful implementation of this service, the nutrition team of the school should plan from beforehand. The school team should also ensure reviewing of the work routine and make grounds for efficient communication between the front and the backside of the house. The front of the house staffs are referred to the ones who are responsible for serving to the dining and serving the customers, while then back of the house staff are referred to the ones responsible for kitchen area personnel. The determination of the kitchen expectations should also be taken into account (Tobin et al.2016). The second step involves the reviewing of the quality score and the standard process of the recipe. Then quality scorecard depicts in how the final product hall lookm and taste. The quality standard needs to be evaluated on the food and beverage items served in the school based on the appearance. For example- the visual representation of the food item at the time of cooking. The quality is also assessed on the texture component, which takes into consideration how food should taste in the mouth, flavors, which shows the taste of food, ideal service temperatures, nutritional value etc (Cusack 2014). Apart from reviewing the quality scorecard one must review the recipe. The standard recipe provides the cook with the appropriate procedures and rules for maintaining the consistency in the food products. Hence it is necessary to cross check the procedure and rules front he beginning to the end before the preparation procedure. This aids in preventing any mishaps arising later during the food preparation process. The third step deals with organizing the recipe constituents. This involved the various types of the get ready steps. This helps in saving essential time and energy of the cook. The fourth step deals with then usage of the correct technique for culinary. This has to be ensured by the nutritional expert by the selection of the right tools which is essential to implement the proper culinary technique. Then usage of the appropriate culinary techniques ensures maximum efficiency in the preparation process (May 2014). The fifth step ensures the delivery of the quality product. The staffs allocated in the front of the house are responsible to represent the skills of the back of the house in terms o the food preparation ability. It also sends the message that the customer are served with utmost care. The coking professional, should be responsible to place the preparation items in the necessary assembly and the ingredients. The planning should be done several steps ahead. The respective nutritional assistants should review the menu an f then standardized recipes, food production record and the daily work schedule. Moreover, the daily work schedule provides the details of the food produced and the specific job to the nutritional personnel. The daily work routine is time bound, which means the time taken for the assigned job and tasks. The just in time, concept in the service aspect deals with the time taken for the employees in maintaining the service aspect food delivery (Escoffier 2013). Additionally the record of the food production menu is necessary by the federal regulations, which highlights the meals that have been planned and prepared to be served to the customers. The federal regulations authority may further use this in order to demonstrate the compliance to the program. This record is also useful in the forecasting while placing the orders for the grocery items. The record is known to lack the available space that needs to be specified in the detail section of the food production information. Organizing the availability of food supplies Various skills are needed for organizing the availability of food supplies. The production personnel should be up skilled enough to provide a written or verbal instruction to the food production team. It should further include critical thinking techniques in order to analyze the food production requirement and development of then operational plans in order meet the various types of needs. The production personnel should also have literacy skills for the purpose of reading and interpretation of the recipes, stocks, control document and menus. He/ She should be able to write comprehensive still easily accessible workflow schedule, planning of the food preparation list, possess numeracy skills which is require to calculate the requirement for the food supplies. Then organizing of the food supplies should also ensure less time is required for production sequencing of the various food items, planning and organizing of the staff and determine the deficiencies in terms of the quality of the n food (Pegge 2014). Supervising the cooking operations Several methods need to be used to assess the practical implementation of the skills and knowledge. The methods are mentioned below as follows. Directly observing the individuals coordinating the cooking operations in terms of the number of periods for service. The initiatives which aids the individuals to develop their skills The manuals and the documents specific to the requirement of then different requirement for food production: Routine for the purpose of kitchen workflow Organizational plans List of plan for the purpose of food preparation The different forms of the exercises which allow the individuals to calculate the requirement of the ordered food for the purpose of different production requirements Set menu Bulk cooking operations Buffet la carte Exercises which are problem solving in nature which allow the individuals to respond to the breakdown of the workflow in the kitchen and then several, types deficiencies in the quality of the food Different types of the written or oral questionnaire related to Production process of then food items Recipes used in the menus of the different food items The various type of the indicator in terms of the quality of the food products The use of the different types of the food production system and their uses The process for the review of the portfolio for the different types of the evidence related to the third party reports in the workplace and on job performance by the different types of the individuals. The respective supervisor should further ensure the integration of the assessment with the other units, relevant to the specific job role, workplace and industry sector, thereby monitoring all aspects of food production and ensuring nothing leaves the kitchen sub-standard and the work processes are productive. Maintaining a smooth workflow within the kitchen, dealing with problems or issues as they arise and providing sound leadership within the kitchen are necessary for a quality food production process. Ultimately, supervising the clean up and storage of food as per the requirement is also the duty of the production personnel (DeBoer 2015). Reference List Cusack, I., 2014. ''The Aroma Produced this Time is Inviting'': Variations in Gustatory Enthusiasm in the African Cookery Book. DeBoer, R., 2015, December. Practical cookery course on'free from'alternatives improves the knowledge and confidence of Dietitians when advising allergic families. In clinical and experimental allergy (vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1893-1893). 111 river st, hoboken 07030-5774, nj usa: wiley-blackwell. Escoffier, A., 2013. A guide to modern cookery. Cambridge University Press. May, R., 2014. The Accomplisht Cook or the Art and Mystery of Cookery (1685). BR Samizdat Express. Pegge, S. ed., 2014. The Forme of Cury, a Roll of Ancient English Cookery. Cambridge University Press. Tobin, K., Hickey, B. and Linehan, M., 2016. East Corks Quiet Revolution: The Role of Ballymaloe Cookery School in Irelands Changing Foodscape.

Is MDMA (ecstasy) a safe drug to take Essay Example

Is MDMA (ecstasy) a safe drug to take Essay 1 Is MDMA ( rapture ) a safe drug to take? Discuss in relation to findings from recent research. MDMA or Ecstasy ( besides known by a figure of different names, such as vitamin E, x, and eckies ) is a psychedelic drug, a drug which primary alters perceptual experience, knowledge or temper ( Abraham, Aldridge A ; Gogia, 1996 ) . It is said to advance feelings of love, friendly relationship and euphory. ( Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee, 2003 ) . Some users claim that the drug helps them to swear others and to understand themselves better ( Greer, G. A ; Tolbert, 1986 ) . It normally comes in the signifier of a pill which is ingested. However, unwanted effects of MDMA can include fainting, sickness and emesis, a rushing bosom, teeth grinding, and katzenjammer effects which can last for a figure of yearss such as fatigue, and depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Is MDMA (ecstasy) a safe drug to take specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is MDMA (ecstasy) a safe drug to take specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is MDMA (ecstasy) a safe drug to take specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To explicate these conflicting positions of how the dyspepsia of Ecstasy can impact the human encephalon, experiments on animate beings have been performed. Green et Al ( 2003 ) argue that MDMA decreases encephalon degrees of 5-hydroxytryptamine in animate beings, and amendss the subdivisions through which serotonin-producing nerve cells reach out and link to other cells. The function 5-hydroxytryptamine is known to set temper, emotion, slumber and appetency. Therefore 5-hydroxytryptamine is a cardinal mechanism in the control of legion behavioral and physiological maps. Decreased serotoninergic neurotransmission has been implied to play a cardinal function in the cause of depression. The concentration of synaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine is controlled straight by its re-uptake into the pre-synaptic terminus and, therefore, drugs barricading 5-hydroxytryptamine conveyance have been successfully used for the intervention of depression. Therefore, the euphory effects of Ecstasy can be assum ed to alleviate systems of unhappiness and anxiousness – nevertheless, the overall effects of taking the drug have negative effects for the serotoninergic system. Therefore, Ecstasy can non be classified as a safe drug to take in the chase of alleviating depressive symptoms. However, these consequences have been occurred through experiments on animate beings. It is hence hard to reassign these effects in the animate being encephalon to deduce that alterations in the human encephalons will be the same. To battle these disagreements McCann et Al ( 1994 ) have investigated the long term harm that taking Ecstasy can hold on the human encephalon. Using a radioactive chemical that binds to serotonin receptors, the research workers have shown from antielectron emanation imaging encephalon scans that Ecstasy users have fewer receptors for the neurotransmitter. They conclude that ‘MDMA is toxic to encephalon 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons.’ However, this is non the lone effect of devouring the drug. Research workers have found that MDMA has affects on the cognitive procedures – such as thought and memory. Surveies have confirmed that MDMA users suffer poorer memory and impaired idea procedures, compared with people who have nt tried the drug ( Morgan, 2000 ) . It has besides been found to interfere with procedures such as sleep rhythms ( Allen et al, 1993 ) . However, the job with imputing these effects to ecstasy is that people who take MDMA, it can non be ruled out that these people often stay up wholly dark dancing and may besides take other drugs. To look into the stray effects of rapture, Ricaurte et Al ( 2002 ) , gave squirrel monkeys and baboons doses of the drug that they claimed were similar to those taken by some clubbers in a individual dark. This dosage administrated to the animate beings was found to wholly destruct nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter Dopastat, and led to a status similar t o Parkinson s disease. Furthermore, 2 out of the 10 animate beings died. Ricaurte et Al ( 2002 ) conclude that A immature person who sustains hurt to these dopamine cells and depletes their modesty may be at greater hazard of paralysis agitans. It is widely-accepted from literature reappraisals that encephalon Dopastat declines with age ; hence, taking the drug Ecstasy AIDSs to rush up the aging procedure and susceptibleness for developing diseases such a Parkinson’s. However, how relevant is this scientific grounds to users of the drug itself? Whiteaker ( 2004 ) conducted qualitative research in the signifier of questionnaires to detect how users and non-users perceived the safeness of the drug. It was found that the two groups had different constructs in respects to the possible dangers of Ecstasy. Nearly half of the drug users questioned describing that they felt the drug was reasonably safe to utilize. The non-user felt it was reasonably insecure ( and mostly set this down to the deficiency of information they felt they had about the drug ) . In mention to the side-effects of taking ecstasy, the bulk of users ( 64.6 % ) reported ‘coming down’ and 29.2 % reported doing bad determinations as the effects of taking the drug.While one tierce of drug users reported side effects, and 43.8 % of users reported bad yearss, these responses are ill-defined as to exactly what injuries are being experienced by users. Less than a 6th of the resp ondents in Whiteaker ( 2004 ) research reported no injuries, nevertheless, it is non clear how many times these people used the drug, as six of them reported that they did non utilize any more. Consequently they may hold experienced no injury as a effect of merely seeking Ecstasy the one time, hence, these consequences are non really representative, and it is inaccurate to generalize findings from these responses. Different responses were made for the reactions of users and non-users in response to the possibility of if they find themselves or a friend in problem. Drug users were reported to follow schemes such as imbibing H2O. This may be explained by their greater instruction sing the dangers of desiccation. However, it needs to be noted that this can besides be a unsafe method of covering with the state of affairs, for illustration, in the instance of Anna Wood, have really died from inordinate hydration ( Sabin, 2002 ) . Therefore, to measure whether MDMA ( Ecstasy ) is a safe drug to take, is a complex inquiry and needs mention to non merely the scientific grounds, but the societal deductions of drug usage. The relevancy of scientific research about the harmful effects of the drug bears small connexion to the grounds why people choose or do non take to experiment with the drug. Highlighted in Whiteaker ( 2004 ) research is that instruction is a valuable thing – non needfully to warn people off from the drug, but to educate them on how they can react in a troubled state of affairs. However, we can non disregard the scientific grounds that taking Ecstasy can hold profound effects on one’s cognitive and emotional province. Therefore, to claim Ecstasy is a safe drug is non a feasible option – and anyone who uses the drug should utilize it with cautiousness. Mentions Diaries Abraham, H. D. , Aldridge, A. M. A ; Gogia, P. ( 1996 ) .Neuropsychopharmacology 14, 285–298 Allen, R. P. , McCann, U. D. A ; Ricaurte, G. A. ( 1993 )Sleep 16, 560–564 Greer, G. A ; Tolbert, R. J. ( 1986 ) .Psychoactive Drugs 18, 319–327. ChemPort Green, A. R. , Mechan, A. O. , Elliott, J. M. , OShea, E. A ; Colado, M. I. ( 2003 ) .Pharmacol. Rev. 55, 463–508. McCann, U. D. , Ridenour, A. , Shaham, Y. A ; Ricaurte, G. A. ( 1994 ) .Neuropsychopharmacology, 10, 129–138. Morgan, M. J. ( 2000 ) .Psychopharmacology 152, 230–248. Ricaurte, G. A. , Yuan, J. , Hatzidimitriou, G. , Cord, B. J. A ; McCann, U. D. ( 2002 ) .Science 297, 2260–2263. Internet Sabin, K. ( 2002 ) Drugs and Death Retrieved on 31 March 2004 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.newsreview.com/issues/sacto/2002-05-16/news.asp Whiteaker ( 2004 )‘The New Youth Drug Culture: Friends, Parties and Drug Cocktails ‘A study of university pupils about ‘party drug’ usage. VAADA. The University of Melbourne. Cited on hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vaada.org.au/Party % 20Drugs % 20Report % 20June % 2004.doc. Other Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee ( 2004 and 2003 ) , Inquiry into Amphetamines and Party Drug Use in Victoria, Melbourne.